12 research outputs found
A study on refractive index sensors based on optical micro-ring resonators
In this work the behavior of optical micro-ring resonators, especially when
functioning as refractive index sensors, is studied in detail. Two
configurations are considered, namely a linear waveguide coupled to a circular
one and two linear waveguides coupled to each other through a circular one. The
optimum coupling conditions are derived and it is shown that in both cases the
condition for the resonant wavelength, i.e. the wavelength at which the
transmission spectrum exhibits a dip (peak), is the same and depends only on
the geometrical characteristics of the circular waveguide and the effective
refractive index of the propagating mode. The latter, as well as the
corresponding mode profile, can be easily calculated through numerical
analysis. The sensitivity of the sensor is defined based on the dependence of
the effective refractive index on the refractive index of the environment.
Using a result of waveguide perturbation theory, the geometrical
characteristics of the core of the circular waveguide that maximize the
sensitivity of the system are determined. Both single and dual core
configurations are considered. It is found that, when optimally designed, the
sensor can detect relative refractive index changes of the order of 10^-4,
assuming that the experimental setup can detect relative wavelength shifts of
the order of 3x10^-5. Finally, the behavior of the system as bio-sensor is
examined by considering that a thin layer of bio-material is attached on the
surface of the waveguide core. It is found that, when optimally designed, the
system can detect refractive index changes of the order of 10^-3 for a layer
thickness of 10 nm, and changes in the layer thickness of the order of 0.24 nm,
for a refractive index change of 0.05
Classical multivariate Hermite coordinate interpolation on n-dimensional grids
In this work, we study the Hermite interpolation on n-dimensional non-equally
spaced, rectilinear grids over a field k of characteristic zero, given the
values of the function at each point of the grid and the partial derivatives up
to a maximum degree. First, we prove the uniqueness of the interpolating
polynomial, and we further obtain a compact closed form that uses a single
summation, irrespective of the dimensionality, which is algebraically simpler
than the only alternative closed form for the n-dimensional classical Hermite
interpolation [1]. We provide the remainder of the interpolation in integral
form; moreover, we derive the ideal of the interpolation and express the
interpolation remainder using only polynomial divisions, in the case of
interpolating a polynomial function. Finally, we perform illustrative numerical
examples to showcase the applicability and high accuracy of the proposed
interpolant, in the simple case of few points, as well as hundreds of points on
3D-grids using a spline-like interpolation, which compares favorably to
state-of-the-art spline interpolation methods
A novel device for controlling the flow of information based on Weyl fermions and a method for manipulating the spatial distribution of Weyl particles
In this work we propose a novel device for controlling the flow of
information using Weyl fermions. In more detail, based on a previous work of
our group, we show that it is possible to fully control the flow of Weyl
fermions on a sequence of different channels, by applying an electric field
perpendicular to the direction of motion of the particles on each channel. In
this way, we can transmit information, logical bits, depending on the existence
or not of a Weyl current on each channel. We also show that the response time
of this device is exceptionally low, less than 1 ps, for typical values of the
parameters, providing the opportunity to control the flow of information at
extremely high rates, of the order of 100 Pbps. This device also offers
additional advantages, as low power consumption and robustness against
electromagnetic perturbations, and is expected to find important applications
in several fields, as telecommunications, signal processing, classical and
quantum computing, etc. Finally, we demonstrate that Weyl fermions can be
efficiently guided through the proposed device using appropriate magnetic
fields
Degenerate solutions to the massless Dirac and Weyl equations and a proposed method for controlling the quantum state of Weyl particles
In a recent work we have shown that all solutions to the Weyl equation and a
special class of solutions to the Dirac equation are degenerate, in the sense
that they remain unaltered under the influence of a wide variety of different
electromagnetic fields. In the present article our previous work is
significantly extended, providing a wide class of degenerate solutions to the
Dirac equation for massless particles. The electromagnetic fields corresponding
to these solutions are calculated, giving also some examples regarding both
spatially constant electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic waves. Further,
some general forms of solutions to the Weyl equation are presented and the
corresponding electromagnetic fields are calculated. Based on these results, a
method for fully controlling the quantum state of Weyl particles through
appropriate electromagnetic fields is proposed. Finally, the transition from
degenerate to non-degenerate solutions as the particles acquire mass is
discussed.Comment: Keywords: Dirac equation, Weyl equation, Degenerate solutions,
Massless particles, Electromagnetic 4-potentials, Electromagnetic fields,
Electromagnetic waves, Nearly degenerate solution
A general method for obtaining degenerate solutions to the Dirac and Weyl equations and a discussion on the experimental detection of degenerate states
In this work we describe a general method for obtaining degenerate solutions
to the Dirac equation, corresponding to an infinite number of electromagnetic
4-potentials and fields, which are explicitly calculated. In more detail, using
four arbitrary real functions, one can automatically construct a spinor which
is solution to the Dirac equation for an infinite number of electromagnetic
4-potentials, defined by those functions. An interesting characteristic of
these solutions is that, in the case of Dirac particles with non-zero mass, the
degenerate spinors should be localized, both in space and time. Our method is
also extended to the cases of massless Dirac and Weyl particles, where the
localization of the spinors is no longer required. Finally, we propose two
experimental methods for detecting the presence of degenerate states.Comment: In this version of the article we have added a discussion on the
experimental detection of degenerate states, proposing two techniques based
on electrical and optical measurement
Quantum Interference in Spontaneous Decay of a Quantum Emitter Placed in a Dimer of Bismuth-Chalcogenide Microparticles
We investigate the phenomenon of quantum interference in spontaneous emission for a three-level V-type quantum emitter placed between two bismuth-chalcogenide (Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3) microspheres. In particular, we find that the degree of quantum interference can become as high as 0.994, a value which is attributed to the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of an atomic dipole relative to the surfaces of the microspheres, at the excitation frequencies of phonon-polariton states of the bismuth-chalcogenide microspheres (anisotropic Purcell effect). As a consequence of the high degree of quantum interference, we observe the occurrence of strong population trapping in the quantum emitter. To the best of our knowledge, the reported values of the degree of quantum interference are record values and are obtained for a relatively simple geometrical setup such as that of a microparticle dimer
Degenerate wave-like solutions to the Dirac equation for massive particles
In this work we provide a novel class of degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation for massive particles, where the rotation of the spin of the particles is synchronized with the rotation of the magnetic field of the wave-like electromagnetic fields corresponding to these solutions. We show that the state of the particles does not depend on the intensity of the electromagnetic fields, but only on their frequency, which is proportional to the mass of the particles and lies in the region of Gamma/X-rays for typical elementary charged particles, such as electrons and protons. We have also calculated the electric current density corresponding to the electromagnetic 4-potentials connected to the degenerate solutions and found that it has the same spatial and temporal dependence on the electromagnetic fields, rotating at an exceptionally high frequency. This result indicates that the degenerate states may occur at locations where matter collapses, e.g., in the central region of a black hole. Finally, we have calculated the spin of the particles described by degenerate spinors and found that it rotates in synchronization with the magnetic field and the current density
On the remarkable properties of Weyl particles
In this work we show that Weyl particles can exist at different states in
zero electromagnetic field, either as free particles, or at localized states
described by a parameter with dimensions of mass. We also calculate the
electromagnetic fields that should be applied in order to modify the
localization of Weyl particles at a desired rate. It is shown that they are
simple electric fields, which can be easily implemented experimentally.
Consequently, the localization of Weyl particles in certain materials
supporting these particles could also be studied experimentally, in the
framework of solid-state physics or in the framework of laser physics, using
ions trapped by laser beams. In addition, a particularly important remark is
that the localization of the energy of the particles can lead to the generation
of gravitational mass, according to Einstein's field equations of general
relativity. Furthermore, in the case that the energy and localization of the
particles exceeds a critical level, tiny black holes could also be created,
potential candidates for the dark matter of the universe.Comment: In this version we have added a remark regarding the potential to
study experimentally the behavior of Weyl particles using ions trapped by
laser beam
Prediction of Gold Nanoparticle and Microwave-Induced Hyperthermia Effects on Tumor Control via a Simulation Approach
Hyperthermia acts as a powerful adjuvant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Recent advances show that gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) can mediate highly localized thermal effects upon interaction with laser radiation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate via in silico simulations the mechanisms of Au-NPs and microwave-induced hyperthermia, in correlation to predictions of tumor control (biological endpoints: tumor shrinkage and cell death) after hyperthermia treatment. We also study in detail the dependence of the size, shape and structure of the gold nanoparticles on their absorption efficiency, and provide general guidelines on how one could modify the absorption spectrum of the nanoparticles in order to meet the needs of specific applications. We calculated the hyperthermia effect using two types of Au-NPs and two types of spherical tumors (prostate and melanoma) with a radius of 3 mm. The plasmon peak for the 30 nm Si-core Au-coated NPs and the 20 nm Au-NPs was found at 590 nm and 540 nm, respectively. Considering the plasmon peaks and the distribution of NPs in the tumor tissue, the induced thermal profile was estimated for different intervals of time. Predictions of hyperthermic cell death were performed by adopting a three-state mathematical model, where “three-state„ includes (i) alive, (ii) vulnerable, and (iii) dead states of the cell, and it was coupled with a tumor growth model. Our proposed methodology and preliminary results could be considered as a proof-of-principle for the significance of simulating accurately the hyperthermia-based tumor control involving the immune system. We also propose a method for the optimization of treatment by overcoming thermoresistance by biological means and specifically through the targeting of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), which plays a critical role in the thermotolerance of cells and tissues